Get To Know Sherry Wine
Are you a fan of Sherry wine? Do you know how many different types of Sherry there are? Or what it means to be a fortified wine? When a wine is fortified all it means is that alcohol spirits are added to the juice during or after fermentation to stop sugars from being converted to more alcohol. In the process of making Sherry, grape spirits are added while fermentation is happening. After this process the Sherry is divided into two categories, Fino Sherry and Oloroso Sherry and from there they are divided into more types of Sherry.
Sherries are made from only three grapes each of which impart a Sherry’s unique qualities. The Palomino grape is used as the base wine for all types of Sherry, Pedro Ximenez is used for its sweet flavors and Moscatel is used as a coloring agent and gives Sherry its golden to dark amber colors. From there the juice is tasted by professional tasters to determine the quality of the Sherry. The best juice is selected fo Fino Sherry and the rest goes to make Olorosos.
The best of the best juice is made into Fino Sherry and is made exclusively from Palomino grapes. The process involved in fermentation, the affect of yeasts on the juice delivers the nutty qualities to the Sherry. Controlled oxidation is another factor determining a Fino’s characteristics: a taste similar to roasted almonds.
An almost subcategory of Fino Sherry is Manzanilla Sherry. The S. Beticus yeast, native to the Sanlcar de Barrameda region, imparts a salty nuttiness due to its proximity to the ocean air. Manzanillas are given open exposure to the air in order to achieve proper maturation. This exposure ranges from short periods to moderate time in the sun and imparts a light to medium gold color.
The final Fino types of Sherry are the Amontillado Sherries. Almost in a category by itself Amontillado Sherry sees direct exposure to the air and sun for extended periods of time. This darkens the juice and concentrates flavors to the maderized character of roasted hazelnuts. Sun-dried Palomino grapes are sometimes used as a sweetening agent while pure sugar can be used in other instances.
Free-run juice is separated from the pressed juice to make Finos, the pressed juice is used for Oloroso production. These are still terrific Sherries all in themselves and should not be seen as inferior.
Oloroso Sherry is aged purely through oxidation which means that the direct exposure to the air ages it faster. Oloroso Sherry is always sweet. It has a dark brown color increasing its alcohol level, body weight and aroma. The taste of Oloroso Sherry is toasted pecans.
A rare style of Sherry is the Palo-Cortado. It has all the aromas of an Amontillado but doesn’t go through the same process of yeast contact. On the other hand its colors and flavors are similar to Oloroso Sherry. It can be categorized in the middle of Fino and Oloroso but because of its unstable nature it eventually falls into the Oloroso style.